Nigeria, often called the “Giant of Africa,” is a country rich in culture, diversity, and natural beauty. From bustling cities like Lagos and Abuja to serene landscapes in Cross River and Plateau States, Nigeria offers a unique travel experience. However, like any international destination, visiting Nigeria requires some preparation and awareness.
This article highlights 10 key things to note before visiting Nigeria to ensure a safe, enjoyable, and enriching trip.
1. Visa Requirements and Entry Protocols
Before traveling to Nigeria, check your visa eligibility. Most visitors will require a visa, which can be obtained from the Nigerian embassy or consulate in your country. Nigeria also offers a Visa on Arrival (VoA) for citizens of select countries, especially for business travelers. As of recent updates, travelers are expected to have a return ticket, proof of accommodation, and sufficient funds for their stay.
Make sure your passport is valid for at least six months from your date of entry. Also, be prepared to present a yellow fever vaccination certificate, which is mandatory for all travelers arriving from countries with a risk of yellow fever transmission.
2. Understand the Local Currency and Exchange Rates
The official currency is the Nigerian Naira (₦), and cash is king in many parts of the country. While credit cards are accepted in big cities and major hotels, many local businesses operate on a cash-only basis. Always exchange money at authorized Bureau de Change operators or use ATMs in reputable banks.
Exchange rates can fluctuate significantly, and there’s often a disparity between the official bank rate and the parallel market. It’s advisable to check the current exchange rate before you travel and avoid street exchangers to prevent scams.
3. Security Awareness and Safety Tips
Security can be a concern in certain parts of Nigeria due to regional conflicts, kidnapping risks, and petty crimes. However, many areas—especially in the southwest like Lagos, Ibadan, and Abeokuta—are relatively safe with proper precautions.
Avoid late-night travel, especially on highways. Stay in reputable hotels, use registered taxis or trusted ride-hailing apps like Bolt and Uber, and avoid discussing wealth or flashing valuables in public. Keep your embassy’s contact details handy and register your trip if your country offers that option.
4. Know the Climate and What to Pack
Nigeria has a tropical climate with two primary seasons: the dry season (November to March) and the rainy season (April to October). The Harmattan season, between December and February, brings dry, dusty winds from the Sahara.
Pack light clothing made from breathable materials like cotton. Include a raincoat or umbrella if you’re visiting during the rainy season. Sunblock, insect repellent (to prevent mosquito bites and malaria), and comfortable footwear are essential.
5. Cultural Etiquette and Social Norms
Nigeria is home to over 250 ethnic groups, each with its own traditions and customs. Respect for elders is paramount. Greetings are very important; shaking hands, bowing slightly, or using local greetings like “Ẹ kú àárọ̀” (Yoruba for good morning) can earn you appreciation.
Modest dressing is advised, especially in northern Nigeria, where Islamic customs are more prevalent. Public displays of affection should be kept minimal. Also, avoid making negative remarks about religion, politics, or ethnic groups, as these are sensitive topics.
6. Language and Communication
While English is Nigeria’s official language, you’ll hear a mix of local languages like Yoruba, Hausa, Igbo, and Pidgin English, especially in informal settings. Learning a few local phrases can endear you to locals and enhance your experience.
For instance:
- “How far?” (Pidgin for “How are you?”)
- “Bawo ni?” (Yoruba for “How are you?”)
- “Kedu?” (Igbo for “Hello”)
Having a local SIM card with data access (available from MTN, Airtel, or Glo kiosks) will help with maps, translations, and communication.
7. Transportation and Road Conditions
Transportation in Nigeria is a mix of organized and chaotic. In major cities, ride-hailing services like Uber, Bolt, and InDrive are convenient and affordable. In rural areas, transportation is largely dominated by buses, motorcycles (okadas), and tricycles (keke napep).
Road conditions can vary; while urban centers have paved roads, rural areas may be difficult to access during the rainy season. Always confirm directions with locals or use trusted navigation apps like Google Maps or Map.me.
8. Power Supply and Internet Access
Nigeria’s electricity supply is inconsistent, even in major cities. Most hotels, businesses, and upper-class homes rely on backup generators. When booking accommodations, ensure they have a 24-hour power supply.
Internet access is fairly reliable in urban areas, with 4G networks available through providers like MTN and Airtel. Wi-Fi is available in hotels, restaurants, and cafes in cities, though it may not be fast or always secure. For consistent access, purchase a local data plan upon arrival.
9. Health and Medical Considerations
Malaria is endemic in Nigeria, so visitors are advised to take antimalarial medication before, during, and after their trip. Use mosquito nets and repellents to reduce your risk. It’s also wise to have travel insurance that covers medical evacuation.
Healthcare facilities in major cities like Lagos and Abuja are relatively good, with access to private hospitals and clinics. However, services in rural areas may be limited. Always carry a basic first-aid kit, bottled water, and hand sanitizer. Avoid drinking tap water unless filtered or boiled.
10. Enjoy the Food and Music—but Stay Cautious
Nigerian cuisine is spicy, diverse, and delicious. Try local dishes like jollof rice, egusi soup, pounded yam, suya (spiced grilled meat), and akara (bean cakes). However, avoid eating street food unless you’re sure it’s freshly prepared and hygienically served.
Nigeria’s music scene is world-renowned, with Afrobeat, Highlife, and Amapiano setting the stage. Attend local events or nightlife spots to enjoy live performances, but always go with a group or a trusted local and avoid unregulated venues.
Visiting Nigeria can be one of the most rewarding travel experiences if approached with the right knowledge and preparation. From vibrant cultures and scenic landscapes to delicious food and warm hospitality, Nigeria has something for every traveler. By keeping these 10 key points in mind, you’ll be better equipped to navigate the country’s complexities and enjoy its unique offerings.