Lagos Island, locally called Eko, is the historical and commercial heart of Lagos. Unlike the modern developments of Victoria Island or Lekki, Lagos Island preserves the authentic spirit of old Lagos, making it the nucleus from which Nigeria’s largest city grew.
History of Lagos Island
Early Settlement & Colonial Era
Lagos Island’s origins date back to the 15th century as a Yoruba fishing settlement under the Oba of Lagos. Its name, Eko, reflects influence from the Benin Kingdom, which held power over the area during that period.
Portuguese and British Influence
By the 16th century, Portuguese traders began frequenting Lagos Island, establishing it as a key Atlantic port. European influence expanded over time, turning Eko into a hub for trade, including the transatlantic slave trade.
In 1861, the British annexed Lagos Island, making it Nigeria’s first colonial capital. Buildings from this period, such as the Government House and Christ Church Cathedral, still stand as historical landmarks.
Post-Independence Evolution
After independence in 1960, Lagos Island remained central to governance, commerce, and culture. Even after the capital moved to Abuja in 1991, Eko retained its symbolic and historical significance.
Cultural Evolution
Lagos Island is a melting pot of Yoruba traditions, colonial heritage, and immigrant influences. Its markets, festivals, and architecture reflect centuries of history while shaping modern Lagos culture.
- Community Identity: Locals often refer to Lagos Island as “Lagos,” emphasizing its historical importance.
- Yoruba Heritage: Home to the Oba of Lagos’s Palace and traditional festivals.
- Colonial Landmarks: Including Cathedral Church of Christ, Brazilian Quarters, and King’s College.
- Market Energy: Balogun Market, Idumota, and Dosunmu Street anchor Lagos Island’s informal economy.
Key Districts of Lagos Island
Marina — Historic Waterfront
Marina hosts colonial-era buildings, banks, and government offices:
- Tafawa Balewa Square (TBS)
- Holy Cross Cathedral
- Financial institutions
Idumota & Balogun Markets — Commerce Hub
- Vibrant trading centers offering textiles, electronics, jewelry, and everyday goods.
- Streets bustling with traders and shoppers from Lagos and beyond.
Obalende — Gateway & Street Food Hub
- Military presence and transport hub connecting Lagos Island with Ikoyi, Victoria Island, and the Mainland.
- Famous for Obalende suya and ewa agonyin.
Campos Square & Broad Street — Business & Heritage
- Brazilian-style houses reflect Afro-Brazilian heritage.
- Broad Street hosts law firms, publishers, and small businesses.
Adeniji Adele & Ebute Ero — Residential Core
- Older apartment blocks, family compounds, and schools.
- Close to Third Mainland Bridge, serving as a commuter hub.
Cultural Significance
- Festivals & Traditions: Eyo Festival and local music genres like Fuji and Jùjú originated here.
- Religious Diversity: Lagos Central Mosque, Cathedral Church of Christ, and Yoruba shrines.
- Street Food & Local Cuisine: Eko with pepper soup, puff-puff, akara, and Obalende suya.
Transportation & Accessibility
- Bridges: Third Mainland, Eko, and Carter Bridges connect the island to Lagos Mainland.
- Ferry Services: Marina Jetty links to Lekki, Ikorodu, and more.
- Public Transport: Yellow danfos, BRT buses, and taxis.
- Challenges: Daily congestion is common, especially near markets and Marina.
Challenges Facing Lagos Island
- Overpopulation and high population density
- Flooding in low-lying areas
- Aging colonial-era infrastructure
- Traffic congestion
Who Should Explore Lagos Island?
- History buffs interested in colonial landmarks and museums
- Market enthusiasts exploring Balogun and Idumota
- Cultural explorers seeking traditional festivals, music, and local cuisine
Not ideal for: Residents seeking quiet, suburban living.
Lagos Island Today
Lagos Island remains the cultural, historical, and commercial core of Lagos State. Its lively markets, rich heritage, and vibrant neighborhoods make it an essential destination for those wanting to experience the true essence of Lagos.