Investing in real estate in Lagos is a smart move, but navigating the process requires caution—especially when it comes to verifying land documents. With Lagos being one of Nigeria’s most dynamic and high-demand property markets, cases of land fraud are not uncommon. Knowing how to verify land ownership and authenticity of documents can save you from costly mistakes.
This article outlines everything you need to know to verify land documents in Lagos, giving you peace of mind and helping you invest confidently.
Why Document Verification Matters in Lagos
Lagos is a hub of real estate investment due to its population size, economic activities, and infrastructural growth. However, this demand also attracts unscrupulous actors who exploit unsuspecting buyers.
Verifying land documents ensures:
- Legal ownership
- Protection from future disputes
- Smooth resale or transfer process
- Access to financing or development opportunities
Before you purchase any land, especially in Lagos, proper due diligence is critical.
Key Land Documents You Must Verify
1. Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
This is one of the most important land documents issued by the Lagos State Government, certifying that the holder has legal ownership rights for a term of 99 years.
How to verify:
- Visit the Lagos State Land Registry or request a Land Information Certificate
- Confirm the C of O number, owner’s name, and the land location
2. Deed of Assignment
This document is issued when land is transferred from one party to another. It should include the history of ownership and be registered with the land registry.
How to verify:
- Ensure it is duly signed by both parties and witnessed by legal representatives
- Check the registration number at the Land Registry
3. Survey Plan
This defines the exact boundaries and size of the land. It must be drawn by a registered surveyor and include coordinates.
How to verify:
- Cross-check with the Office of the Surveyor General of Lagos State (OSGLS)
- Verify if the coordinates match an existing land or if it falls within government-acquired areas
4. Governor’s Consent
If the land has changed hands after the issuance of a C of O, the buyer must obtain a Governor’s Consent for legal transfer of ownership.
How to verify:
- Ensure it is registered with the Land Registry
- Confirm the consent covers the exact parcel of land in question
5. Registered Title and Tax Clearance
Always check if the seller has cleared all land-related taxes and if the title is properly registered.
How to verify:
- Ask for evidence of tax clearance
- Use the title number to search official records
Steps to Verify Land Documents in Lagos
Step 1: Conduct a Site Inspection
Before touching paperwork, visit the land physically. Confirm the location, size, accessibility, and if it’s free from any encumbrances (such as squatters or boundary disputes).
Step 2: Engage a Real Estate Lawyer
Hire a qualified lawyer experienced in Lagos land laws. They’ll help interpret documents, draft agreements, and conduct thorough title searches.
Step 3: Visit the Lagos State Land Registry
Use the registry to:
- Obtain a land information certificate
- Cross-check the status of the land (freehold or government acquired)
- Confirm legal ownership and history
Step 4: Verify with Surveyor General’s Office
Submit the survey plan and request a red copy or confirm that it doesn’t encroach on government land or fall within an industrial or flood-prone zone.
Step 5: Apply for a Land Information Certificate
This certificate provides detailed information about the land, including:
- Ownership status
- Legal title
- Disputes or encumbrances
Step 6: Check for Litigation or Government Acquisition
Ensure the land is not under legal contention or marked for future government projects. You can request this information at the Land Bureau or Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development.
Red Flags to Watch Out For
- Seller is not the rightful owner
- Survey plan isn’t registered or verified
- No history of Governor’s Consent after previous sales
- Land falls under government acquisition
- No valid tax records or payment receipts
- Seller resists visits to the Land Registry
Common Scams and How to Avoid Them
1. Omo Onile Fraud
These are local land grabbers or “area boys” who sell the same plot to multiple buyers. Always confirm with government records before proceeding.
2. Fake C of O or Deed of Assignment
Unscrupulous agents may forge documents. Only accept documents that are verifiable through official records.
3. Unregistered Survey Plans
A survey plan must be registered with the OSGLS and match government layouts. Anything else should be questioned.
Tips for Safe Land Purchase in Lagos
✅ Always use trusted real estate agents or property consultants
✅ Conduct due diligence even if it’s a family or friend’s property
✅ Avoid cash payments without a proper receipt and agreement
✅ Ensure the land is not under excision or pending government allocation
Buying land in Lagos can be a profitable investment, but only when done right. By understanding how to verify land documents, you minimize risk and maximize value. Don’t fall for shortcuts—let your paperwork and verification guide your purchase decision.
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Also you can read more about the navigating the C of O process in Lagos